Method and compositions for helmintic, arthropod ectoparasitic and acaridal infections with novel agents

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the control and prevention of helmintic, arthropod ectoparasitic and acaridal infections, in warm-blooded animals, such as meat-producing animals, and poultry, by administering to said animals a therapeutically or prophylactically-effective amount of new agents designated LL-F28249α, β, γ, δ, ε, ξ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν and ω, or mixtures thereof. The invention also relates to methods for the control of plant nematode infestations and other insecticidal activities. These novel agents are produced via a controlled conditioned microbiological fermentation using Streptomyces cyaneogriseus ssp. noncyanogenus, designated LL-F28249 and having deposit accession number NRRL 15773.

This application is a continuation of copending application, Ser. No. 06/732,251, filed May 10, 1985, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,464, which is a continuation-in-part of application, Ser. No. 06/617,649, filed Jun. 5, 1984, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,869,901.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for preventing, treating or controlling helmintic, arthropod ectoparasitic and acaridal infections in warm-blooded animals by administering thereto an effective amount of the agents (compounds) designated LL-F28249α, β, γ, δ, ε, ξ, η, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν and ω, or mixtures thereof, such as the fermentation broth, or whole mash or the pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof. Plant nematodes also are effectively controlled by use of these agents, mixtures and/or salts. Further, these agents are effective as insecticidal agents, as well.

The diseases described above cause not only devastating effects but also serious economic problems and losses for farmers raising meat-producing animals such as swine, sheep, cattle, goats, rabbits, and poultry. Further, such diseases are a source of great concern for companion animals such as horses, dogs and cats. Although these diseases have been recognized for many years and drugs exist for the treatment and/or prevention of such diseases, the present invention utilizes an entirely new set of active agents, isolated from a previously unknown microorganism, for the prevention, treatment or control of those diseases.

For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 3,950,360, Aoki et al, Apr. 13, 1976, discloses certain antibiotic substances obtained by culturing a Streptomyces microorganism, said compounds being useful as insecticides and acaracides. But as seen from the characteristics identifying such microorganism, the present microorganism is distinct, and its active components are derived from totally different microorganisms. Further, an entire series of U.S. patents relates to certain compounds produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis, a distinct organism from the present one (U.S. Pat. No. 4,171,314, Chabala et al, Oct. 16, 1979; U.S. Pat. No. 4,199,569, Chabala et al, Apr. 22, 1980; U.S. Pat. No. 4,206,205, Mrozik et al, Jun. 3, 1980; U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,519, Albers-Schonberg, Jan. 12, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 4,333,925, Buhs et al, Jun. 8, 1982). U.S. Pat. No. 4,423,209, Mrozik, Dec. 27, 1983 relates to the process of converting some of these less desirable components to more preferred ones. However, the present active agents identified as LL-F28249α, β, γ, δ, ε, ξ, η, θ, ι, δ, λ, μ, ν and ω, are derived from the fermentation of a newly discovered and previously uncultivated microorganism. Also, the present compounds and/or the fermentation broth or whole mash of microorganism Streptomyces cyaneogriseus ssp. noncyanogenus NRRL 15773, plus the pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof (collectively referred to as active ingredient), exhibit excellent and effective treatments and/or prevention of these serious diseases of warm-blooded animals.

The full name of the microorganism LL-F28249, NRRL No. 15773, in terms of genus, species, and subspecies is Streptomyces cyaneogriseus noncyanogenus; however, for brevity it is referred to as above written throughout the specification and claims.

The strain is assigned to the genus Streptomyces based upon morphology and cell chemistry (content of the L isomer of diaminopimelic acid). The strain's morphology and physiological data place it close to S. cyaneogriseus, as represented by ISP 5534 (ATCC 27426) . Then, comparisons of the formation of gray aerial mycelium soluble pigments on media (Table A) and coiled chains of smooth conidia (3-25 spores per chain) were made. The present strain is negative for blue soluble pigment wherein the comparison strain, ISR 5534, is positive. The strains have similar reactions in the ISP carbohydrate utilization tests indicating positive for arabinose, fructose, glucose, rhamnose and xylose, while indicating negative for inositol, mannitol, raffinose and sucrose (ISP 5534 slightly positive). However, the strains differ in several characters (Table B) out of 53 in the Gordon tests. These differences support the creation of a subspecies of S. cyaneogenseus for the present microorganism.

                  TABLE A                                                          ______________________________________                                         Comparison of F 28249 and ISP 5534 on ISP Morphology                           Test Media                                                                     (Numbers are from NBS-ISCC)                                                    Medium       F 28249       ISP 5534                                            ______________________________________                                         Yeast-Malt                                                                              .sup. A.m..sup.1                                                                       Medium gray   Light to medium                                 (ISP 2)          (265)         gray (264-265)                                           V.m.    Light tannish (75)                                                                           Light tannish-white                                              Deep yellow-brown                                                                            to blackish-blue                                                               (188)                                                    S.p.    Light brown   Light brown                                     Inorganic                                                                               A.m.    Light olive-gray                                                                             Medium gray (265)                               salts            (112 to medium gray                                           starch           (265                                                          (ISP 4)  V.m.    Deep gray to black                                                                           Gray-purplish-blue                                               (266-267)     (204)                                                    S.p.    Grayish-yellowish-                                                                           None                                                             brown                                                         Glycerol-                                                                               A.m.    263 (white) to                                                                               263 (white) to                                  Asparagine       yellowish-gray (93)                                                                          light gray (264)                                (ISP 5)  V.m.    Black (267) to light                                                                         Gray-purplish-blue                                               olive brown (96)                                                                             (203-204)                                                S.p.    Slight brownish                                                                              Light yellowish-                                                               gray                                            Oatmeal  A.m.    Yellow-gray (93)                                                                             None                                            (ISP 3)  V.m.    Colorless     Colorless                                                S.p.    Slight yellowish                                                                             None                                            ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 = A.m., aerial mycelium;                                                V.m. = vegetative mycelium;                                                    S.p. = Soluble pigment                                                   

                  TABLE B                                                          ______________________________________                                         Comparison of Lederle F 28249 with ISP 5534 (Gordon Tests)                                     F28249                                                                               ISP 5534                                                 ______________________________________                                         Growth on/at                                                                   Salicin           ±    -                                                    10°        -       +                                                    45°        +       -                                                    Production of     +       -                                                    Urease                                                                         Decarboxylation of                                                                               -       +                                                    Mucate                                                                         Acid Production                                                                Raffinose         -       +                                                    Sucrose           -       +                                                    ______________________________________                                          Both strains have the following reactions:                                     Positive                                                                       Hydrolysis of casein, hypoxanthine, xanthine, tyrosine, adrenine, potato       starch, gelatin, and esculin;                                                  Production of phosphatase                                                      Sensitivity to lysozyme                                                        Decarboxylation of acetate, citrate, lactate, malate, oxalate and              propionate                                                                     Acid production from arabinose, cellobiose, dextrin, fructose, galactose,      glucose, glycerol, lactose, maltose, mannose, α-methyl Dglucoside,       rhamnose, salicin, trehalose.                                                  Negative                                                                       Production of nitrate reductase                                                Decarboxylation of benzoate and tartrate                                       Acid from adonitol, dulcitol, erythritol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol,        β-methylD-xyloside.                                                       Growth on 5% NaCl                                                        

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a novel method for the control of helmintic, arthropod ectoparasitic and acaridal infections in warm-blooded animals, particularly meat-producing animals, such as poultry, cattle, sheep, swine, rabbits, and companion animals such as horses, dogs and cats.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide novel compositions effective for the control of said diseases in warm-blooded animals.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel method and compositions for the control of insect pests. These and further objects will become more apparent by the description of the invention.

It has been discovered that the agents useful in the methods and compositions of the present invention are produced by the fermentation of a nutrient medium containing the strain of microorganism, Streptomyces cyaneogriseus noncyanogenus, NRRL 15773. These agents include not only the fermentation broth and whole mash of said microorganism but also include the agents. LL-F29249α, LL-F29249β, LL-F29249γ, LL-F29249δ, LL-F292249ε, LL-F29249ξ, LL-F29249η, LL-F29249θ, LL-F29249ι, LL-F29249κ, LL-F29249λ, LL-F29249μ, LL-F29249ν, and LL-F29249ω. These agents and methods for the preparation thereof are described in U.S. patent application of Guy Thomas Carter, Margaret Jennings Torrey and Michael Greenstein, Ser. No. 617,650, filed Jun. 5, 1984, now abandoned and incorporated herein by reference thereto and U.S. patent continuation-in-part application of Guy Thomas Carter, Margaret Jennings Tarrey and Michael Greenstein, Ser. No. 732,252, filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference thereto.

The structure and stereochemistry of LL-F28249have not bee fully defined, but the proposed structures are shown below. Component LL-F28249ω, is related to Hondamycin (Albimycin) which is disclosed in The Journal of Antibiotics, 22, No. 11, 521-526 (1969).

    __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR1##                                                                      Component                                                                             R.sub.1                                                                              R.sub.2                                                                           R.sub.3                                                                             R.sub.4                                                                             R.sub.5                                                                           R.sub.6                                                                             R.sub.5 + R.sub.6                                                                     A-B  B-C                              __________________________________________________________________________     LL-F28249α                                                                      CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                   H  CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3     OCH.sub.2                                                                             CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249β                                                                       CH.sub.3                                                                             H  CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3     OCH.sub.2                                                                             CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249γ                                                                      CH.sub.3                                                                             CH.sub.3                                                                          CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3     OCH.sub.2                                                                             CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249δ                                                                      CH.sub.3                                                                             CH.sub.3                                                                          CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3                                                                            OH CH.sub.2 OH CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249ε                                                                    CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                   H  H    CH.sub.3     OCH.sub.2                                                                             CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249ζ                                                                       CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                                                                    H  CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3     OCH.sub.2                                                                             CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249η                                                                        CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                   H  CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3     OCH.sub.2                                                                             CCH  CHCH                             LL-F28249θ                                                                      CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                   H  CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                                                                           OCH.sub.2                                                                             CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249ι                                                                       CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                   H  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3                                                                   CH.sub.3     OCH.sub.2                                                                             CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249κ                                                                      CH.sub.3                                                                             CH.sub.3                                                                          CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3                                                                            H  CH.sub.3    CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249λ                                                                     CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                   CH.sub.3                                                                          CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3     OCH.sub.2                                                                             CHCH CHC                              LL-F28249μ                                                                         CH(CH.sub.3).sub. 2                                                                  CH.sub.3                                                                          CH.sub.3                                                                            CH.sub.3                                                                            H  CH.sub.3    CHCH CHC                              __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR2##                                                                       ##STR3##                                                                      __________________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. I: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249α, NRRL 15773.

FIG. II: Characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249α, NRRL 15773.

FIG. III: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249α, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃ solution.

FIG. IV: Characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249α, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃ solution.

FIG. V: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249α, NRRL 15773.

FIG. VI: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249β, NRRL 15773.

FIG. VII: Characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249β,NRRL 15773.

FIG. VIII: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249β, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. IX: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249β, NRRL 15773.

FIG. X: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249γ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XI: Characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of compound LL-F28249γ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XII: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound LL-F28249γ, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XIII: Characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249γ, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XIV: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249γ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XV: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ω, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XVI: Characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ω, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XVII: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ω, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XVIII: Characteristic nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ω, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XIX: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ω, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XX: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249δ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXI: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249δ, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XXV: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ε, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXVI: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ζ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXVII: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ζ, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XXVIII: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ζ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXIX: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249η, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXX: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249η, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XXXI: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249η, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXXII: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249θ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXXIII: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249θ, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XXXIV: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28240θ,NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXXV: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ι, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXXVI: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ι, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃.

FIG. XXXVII: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ι, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XXXVIII: Characteristic carbon--13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249β, NRRL 15773, in CDCl₃ solution.

FIG. XXXIX: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249κ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XL: Characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249κ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLI: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249κ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLII: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249κ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLIII: Characteristic carbon--13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249 κ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLIV: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249λ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLV: Characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249λ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLVI: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249λ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLVII: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249λ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLVIII: Characteristic carbon--13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249λ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. XLIX: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249μ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. L: Characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249μ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. LI: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249μ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. LII: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249μ, NRRL 15773.

FIG. LIII: Characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ν, NRRL 15773.

FIG. LIV: Characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ν, NRRL 15773.

FIG. LV: Characteristic electron impact mass spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ν, NRRL 15773.

FIG. LVI: Characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ν, NRRL 15773.

FIG. LVII: Characteristic carbon--13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of compound designated LL-F28249ν, NRRL 15773.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has been discovered that the above-mentioned agents, as well as the fermentation broth and whole mash of said microorganism, are especially effective for controlling helmintic, arthropod ectoparasitic and acaridal infections in meat-producing animals such as cattle, sheep, swine, rabbits, poultry, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quail, and pheasants and companion animals.

In practice, the present invention involves the method of preventing, controlling or treating said infections, in warm-blooded animals by administering orally, parenterally or topically thereto, a prophylactically, pharmaceutically or therapeutically-effective amount of the fermentation broth or whole mash of microorganism Streptomyces cyaneogfiseus noncyanogenus, NRRL 15773, the fermentation broth or whole mash of said microorganism containing compounds designated LL-F28249α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν and ω, compounds designated as LL-F28249α, LL-F28249β, LL-F28249γ, LL-F28249δ, LL-F28249ε, LL-F28249ζ, LL-F28249η, LL-F28249θ, LL-F28249ι, LL-F28249κ, LL-F28249λ, LL-F28249μ, LL-F28249ν, and LL-F28249ω, as identified and characterized herein, or the pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof (collectively referred to as active ingredient).

Although administration of the compound or fermentation broth/whole mash (hereinafter broth or mash) will generally be most practical in or with the feed or in the drinking water, the above-said compounds, broth or mash, or pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof, may also be administered to individual hosts in the form of tablets, drenches, gels, capsules, or the like, or by injection in the form of a paste, gel, pellet, or solution. These latter methods of administration are, of course, less practical for the treatment of large groups of animals, but they are quite practical for use on a small scale or on an individual basis.

When the agents (antibiotics) LL-F28249α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν or ω or the fermentation broth or whole mash of Streptomyces cyaneogriseus noncyanogenus NRRL 15773 are used as prophylactic or therapeutic treatments of helmintic, arthropod ectoparasitic and acaridal infections, in animals and poultry, generally about 0.05 ppm to 500.0 ppm, and preferably 0.1 ppm to 300 ppm of the agent or broth or mash above-described, administered in the diet or drinking water of the animal, is effective for preventing, controlling, or treating said infections in those animals.

Medicated feeds useful in the method of the present invention are usually prepared by thoroughly admixing about 0.00001% by weight to about 0.01% by weight of the agent (antibiotic) or above-described broth or mash with a nutritionally-balanced feed, as for example, the feed described in the examples hereinafter.

When using the compounds and/or broth or mash of the present invention for the prevention or control of helminths, arthropod ectoparasites and acarides, the active agent is generally first prepared as an animal feed premix. The premix usually contains a relatively high percentage of the active ingredient and is generally blended with the animal's feed just prior to administration. If desired, the feed premix may also be applied as a top dressing for the animal's daily ration.

Feed premixes or concentrates, useful in the practice of the present invention, may be prepared by admixing about 0.1% to 5.0% by weight of the above-identified agents, broth or mash, or pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof, with about 99.9% to 95% by weight of a suitable carrier or diluent.

Carriers suitable for use to make up the feed supplement compositions include the following: alfalfa meal, soybean meal, cottonseed oil meal, linseed oil meal, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, cornmeal, cane molasses, urea, bone meal, corncob meal, rice hull meal, and the like. The carrier promotes in essentially uniform distribution of the active ingredient in the finished feed into which the supplement is blended. It thus performs an important function by ensuring proper distribution of the active ingredient, i.e., about 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm thereof, throughout the feed. This is equivalent to 0.00001% to 0.01%, by weight, of the active ingredient in the finished feed. In practice, usually one or more pounds of premix is added per ton of feed to obtain the desired level of agent (antibiotic) or broth or mash in the finished feed.

If the supplement or premix is used as a top dressing for feed, it likewise helps to ensure uniformity of distribution of the active ingredient across the top of the dressed feed.

Since the compounds of this invention and their pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts are relatively insoluble in water, it is generally desirable, when administering any such compound in the animal's drinking water, to dissolve the active ingredient in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, DMSO, oleic acid, linoleic acid, propylene glycol, or the like, and admix with the solution a small amount of surfactant and/or dispersing agent to assure solution and/or dispersion of the active ingredient in the animal's drinking water.

Advantageously, where the treatment of a small number of the larger meat-producing animals is required to control parasitic infection therein, the agents LL-F28249α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν and ω broth or mash, or pharmaceutically or pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof may be orally administered, on a daily basis, to the host animal in the form of a medicated gel.

The active ingredients of the invention have also exhibited nematocidal activity against plant nematodes as demonstrated by effectiveness in controlling the free living soil nematode, C. elegans. Compositions containing these active ingredients for controlling plant nematodes can be formulated into either liquids or wettable powders. Liquid compositions include about 5% to 20%, w/w, of the active ingredient (active agent, fermentation broth, whole mash or salts) with appropriate amounts of a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and others, and the remainder water. Wettable powders include about 5% to 20%, w/w, of the active ingredient, about 1% to 10% of surfactant, and inert carriers, such as clays, vermiculite, carbon black or the like. About 0.1 to 1.4 kg per hectare is applied to the foliage of plants, the soil in which they are grown or into the trunks thereof.

These agents also are active as topical insecticides, stomach poisons and systemic insecticides and are especially effective for controlling insects of the orders Lepedoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Deptera and Thysanoptera. Plant mites, acarids, additionally are controlled by the agents of the present invention.

These agents generally are applied as dilute, solid or liquid compositions to the breeding ground, food supply or habitat of such insects and/or acarids. The rate of application to such loci include about 0.01 kg/ha to about 8.0 kg/ha, preferably about 0.05 kg/ha to about 0.5 kg/ha.

Surfactants useful in wettable powders of the present invention include those commonly used for formulations of such wettable powders, preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate sodium salts. Bentonite, clay or mixtures thereof are preferred carriers.

Additionally, the active ingredients of the invention also have demonstrated systemic insecticidal activity against m. ovinus in sheep.

In practice, generally about 0.02mg/kg/day to about 3.0 mg/kg/day is effective for controlling parasitic infections in cattle, sheep, and swine and companion animals. For prolonged use, rates as low as 0.002 mg/kg of body weight/day may be employed.

Also in practice, about 0. 1 mg per kg. to 100 mg per kg is administered to animals infected with helminths.

The physiochemical characteristics for the α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν and ω components of LL-F28249 are described below:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The physiochemical characteristics for the α, β, γ, δ,ε, ζ, η, θ, κ, λ, μ, ν and ω components of LL-F28249 are described below:

LL-F28249α:

1) Molecular weight: 612 (FAB-MS);

2Molecular formula: C₃₆ H₅₂ O₈ ;

3Specific optical rotation: [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+133±3° (C 0.3, acetone);

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. I UV_(MAX) ^(CH).sbsp.3 OH=244 nm (ε28,000);

5) Infrared absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. II (KBr disc): 3439, 2960, 2925, 1714, 1454, 1374, 1338, 1171, 1120, 996, 967 cm⁻ 1;

6) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. III;

7) Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. IV and described in Table I; and

8) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. V with accurate mass measurements and proposed elemental compositions indicated in Table II.

LL-F28249β:

1) Molecular weight: 584 (FAB-MS);

2) Molecular formula: C₃₄ H₄₈ O₈ ;

3) Specific optical rotation: [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+125° (C 0.30 acetone).

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. VI UV _(MAX) ^(CH).sbsp.3 OH=244 nm (ε25,600);

5) Infrared absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. VII (KBr disc): 3520, 2910, 1735, 1717, 1450, 1375, 1335, 1180, 1170, 1119, 993, 727 cm⁻¹ ;

6) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): is shown in FIG. VIII;

7) Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XXXVIII and described in Table II A; and

8) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. IX with accurate mass measurements and proposed elemental compositions indicated in Table III.

LL-F28249γ:

1) Molecular weight: 598 (FAB-MS);

2) Molecular formula: C₃₅ H₅₀ O₈ ;

3) Specific optical rotation: [α]_(D) ²⁷ +150±4° (C 0.3, acetone);

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. X UV_(MAX) ^(CH).sbsp.3 OH=244 nm (ε27,100);

5) Infrared absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. XI (KBr disc): 3510, 2910, 1735, 1715, 1452, 1375, 1338, 1182, 1172, 1119, 995 cm⁻¹ ;

6) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XII;

7) Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XIII and described in Table IV; and

8) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XIV with accurate mass measurements and proposed elemental compositions indicated in Table V.

LL-F28249ω:

1) Molecular weight: 806 (FAB-MS);

2) Molecular formula: C₄₅ H₇₄ O₁₂ ;

3) Specific optical rotation: [α]_(D) ²⁶ =-49±3° (C 0.35, methanol);

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. XV UV_(MAX) ^(CH).sbsp.3 OH=225 nm (ε:27,400) 232 nm (ε25,700);

5) Infrared absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. XVI (KBr disc): 3480, 2965, 2935, 2880, 1703, 1647, 1458, 1380, 1292, 1223, 1135, 1098, 984 cm⁻¹ ;

6) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XVII;

7) Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XVIII and described in Table VI; and

8) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XIX with accurate mass measurements and proposed elemental compositions indicated in Table VII.

LL-F28249δ:

1) Molecular weight: 616 (EI-MS)

2) Molecular formula: C₃₅ H₅₂ O₉

3) HPLC retention volume of 14.0 ml in the system indicated in Table VIII;

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum (reethanol): as shown in FIG. XX;

5) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XXI; and

6) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XXII.

LL-F28249ε:

1) Molecular weight: 598 (EI-MS)

2) Molecular formula: C₃₅ H₅₀ O₈

3) HPLC retention volume of 14.8 ml in the system indicated in Table VIII;

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum (reethanol): as shown in FIG. XXIII;

5) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XXIV; and

6) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XXV.

LL-F28249ζ:

1) Molecular weight: 598 (EI-MS)

2) Molecular formula: C₃₅ H₅₀ O₈

3) HPLC retention volume of 16.0 ml in the system indicated in Table VIII;

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum (reethanol): as shown in FIG. XXVI;

5) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XXVII; and

6) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XXVIII.

LL-F28249η:

1) Molecular weight: 612 (EI-MS)

2) Molecular formula: C₃₆ H₅₂ O₈

3) HPLC retention volume of 23.5 ml in the system indicated in Table VIII;

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum (reethanol): as shown in FIG. XXIX;

5) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XXX; and

6) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XXXI.

LL-F28249θ:

1) Molecular weight: 626 (EI-MS)

2) Molecular formula: C₃₇ H₅₄ O₈

3) HPLC retention volume of 24.5 ml in the system indicated in Table VIII;

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum (reethanol): as shown in FIG. XXXII;

5) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XXXIII; and

6) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XXXIV.

LL-F28249ι:

1Molecular weight: 626 (EI-MS)

2) Molecular formula: C₃₇ H₅₄ O₈

3) HPLC retention volume of 26.0 ml in the system indicated in Table VIII;

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum (reethanol): as shown in FIG. XXXV;

5) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃): as shown in FIG. XXXVI; and

6) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XXXVII.

LL-F28249κ:

1) Molecular weight: 584 (EI-MS);

2) Molecular formula: C₃₅ H₅₂ O₇ ;

3) Specific optical rotation: [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+189° (C 0.165 acetone);

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. XXXIX UV _(MAX) ^(CH).sbsp.3 OH=241 nm (E20,400);

5) Infrared absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. XL (KBr disc);

6) Electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XLI;

7) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃); as shown in FIG. XLII; and

8) Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃); as shown in FIG. XLIII and described in Table IX.

LL-F28249λ:

1) Molecular weight: 626 (FAB-MS);

2) Molecular formula: C₃₇ H₅₄ O₈ ;

3) Specific optical rotation: [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+145° (C, 0.23 acetone);

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. XLIV UV _(MAX) ^(CH).sbsp.3 OH=244 nm (E30,000);

5) Infrared absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. XLV (KBr disc);

6) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. XLVI;

7) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃); as shown in FIG. XLVII; and

8) Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃); as shown in FIG. XLVIII and described in Table X.

LL-F28249μ:

1) Molecular weight: 612 (EI-MS);

2) Molecular formula: C₃₇ H₅₆ O₇ ;

3) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. XLIX UV_(MAX) ^(CH).sbsp.3 OH =241 nm (El6,800);

4) Infrared absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. L (KBr disc);

5) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. LI;

6) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃); is shown in FIG. LII.

LL-F2824ν:

1) Molecular weight: 592 (EI-MS);

2) Molecular formula: C₃₆ H₄₈ O₇ ;

3) Specific optical rotation: [α]_(D) ²⁶ +131°-(C .325, acetone);

4) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. LIII UV_(MAX) ^(CH).sbsp.3 OH=256 (E20,500); 358(E 8,830);

5) Infrared absorption spectrum: as shown in FIG. LIV (KBr disc);

6) Electron impact mass spectrum: as shown in FIG. LV;

7) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃); as shown in FIG. LVI; and

8) Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃); as shown in FIG. LVII, and described in Table XI.

                  TABLE I                                                          ______________________________________                                         Carbon-13 NMR Data for LL-F28249α                                              Chemical                  Chemical                                             Shift.sup.1                                                                             Proton           Shift  Proton                                  Carbon                                                                               (ppm)    Substitution                                                                             Carbon (ppm)  Substitution                            ______________________________________                                         1     173.4    .sup. q.sup.2                                                                            18     67.8   CH.sub.                                 2     142.8    CH        19     67.7   CH.sub.                                 3     139.4    q         20     48.4   CH.sub.2                                4     137.7    q         21     45.7   CH.sub.                                 5     137.3    q         22     41.1   CH.sub.2                                6     137.2    CH        23     40.7   CH.sub.2                                7     130.6    q         24     36.1   CH.sub.2                                8     123.3    CH        25     36.0   CH.sub.                                 9     120.3.sup.3                                                                             CH        26     35.9   CH.sub.                                 10    118.0    CH        27     34.7   CH.sub.2                                11    99.7     q         28     26.8   CH.sub.                                 12    80.2     q         29     22.8.sup.4                                                                            CH.sub.3                                13    79.3     CH        30     22.2   CH.sub.3                                14    76.7     CH        31     19.9   CH.sub.3                                15    69.3     CH        32     15.5   CH.sub.3                                16    68.5     CH        33     13.9   CH.sub.3                                17    68.4     .sub. CH.sub.2                                                                           34     11.0   CH.sub.3                                ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Downfield from TMS; CDCl.sub.3 solution.                                .sup.2 q = quarternary carbon.                                                 .sup.3,4 Two unresolved signals.                                         

                  TABLE II                                                         ______________________________________                                         High Resolution Mass Measurements                                              for LL-F28249α                                                           m/z             Elemental Composition                                          ______________________________________                                         612.3705        C.sub.36 H.sub.52 O.sub.8                                      594.3543        C.sub.36 H.sub.50 O.sub.7                                      576.3472        C.sub.36 H.sub.48 O.sub.6                                      484.3211        C.sub.30 H.sub.44 O.sub.5                                      482.2648        C.sub.29 H.sub.38 O.sub.6                                      466.3097        C.sub.30 H.sub.42 O.sub.4                                      448.2987        C.sub.30 H.sub.40 O.sub.3                                      442.2375        C.sub.26 H.sub.34 O.sub.6                                      425.2327        C.sub.26 H.sub.33 O.sub.5                                      354.2181        C.sub.23 H.sub.30 O.sub.3                                      314.1877        C.sub.20 H.sub.26 O.sub.3                                      278.1144        C.sub.15 H.sub.18 O.sub.5                                      265.1786        C.sub.16 H.sub.25 O.sub.3                                      248.1405        C.sub.15 H.sub.20 O.sub.3                                      247.1705        C.sub.16 H.sub.23 O.sub.2                                      237.1838        C.sub.15 H.sub.25 O.sub.2                                      219.1740        C.sub.15 H.sub.23 O                                            151.0753        C.sub.9 H.sub.11 O.sub.2                                       ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE IIa                                                        ______________________________________                                         Carbon-13 NMR Data for LL-F282498β                                        Carbon                                                                               Chemical Shift (ppm)*                                                                          Carbon  Chemical Shift (ppm)                             ______________________________________                                         1     173.3           18      68.3                                             2     142.6           19      67.8                                             3     139.5           20      67.7                                             4     137.7           21      48.4                                             5     137.3           22      45.7                                             6     133.9           23      41.0                                             7     123.8           24      40.8                                             8     123.4           25      36.1                                             9     120.3           26      35.9**                                           10    120.2           27      34.7                                             11    118.0           28      22.3                                             12    99.7            29      19.8                                             13    80.2            30      15.5                                             14    79.4            31      13.8                                             15    76.7            32      13.1                                             16    69.2            33      10.8                                             17    68.6                                                                     ______________________________________                                          *Downfield from TMS; CDCl.sub.3 solution                                       **Two unresolved signals                                                 

                  TABLE III                                                        ______________________________________                                         High Resolution Mass Measurements                                              for LL-F28249β                                                            m/z             Elemental Composition                                          ______________________________________                                         584.3388        C.sub.34 H.sub.48 O.sub.8                                      566.3306        C.sub.34 H.sub.46 O.sub.7                                      456.2864        C.sub.28 H.sub.40 O.sub.5                                      442.2391        C.sub.26 H.sub.34 O.sub.6                                      438.2780        C.sub.28 H.sub.38 O.sub.4                                      425.2331        C.sub.26 H.sub.33 O.sub.5                                      354.2187        C.sub.23 H.sub.30 O.sub.3                                      314.1858        C.sub.20 H.sub.26 O.sub.3                                      278.1168        C.sub.15 H.sub.18 O.sub.5                                      237.1491        C.sub.14 H.sub.21 O.sub.3                                      219.1380        C.sub.14 H.sub.19 O.sub.2                                      209.1534        C.sub.13 H.sub.21 O.sub.2                                      191.1418        C.sub.13 H.sub.19 O                                            151.0750        C.sub.9 H.sub.11 O.sub.2                                       ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE IV                                                         ______________________________________                                         Carbon-13 NMR Data for LL-F28249γ                                                Chemical Shift.sup.1  Chemical Shift                                   Carbon  (ppm)         Carbon  (ppm)                                            ______________________________________                                         1       173.6         19      68.3                                             2       142.4         20      67.9                                             3       139.9         21      57.7                                             4       137.3         22      48.5                                             5       136.0         23      45.8                                             6       134.0         24      41.2                                             7       123.8         25      40.8                                             8       123.6         26      36.2                                             9       120.4         27      36.1                                             10      119.6         28      36.0                                             11      118.5         29      34.8                                             12      99.8          30      22.3                                             13      80.5          31      19.9                                             14      77.8          32      15.5                                             15      77.0          33      13.8                                             16      76.8          34      13.1                                             17      69.3          35      10.8                                             18      68.6                                                                   ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Downfield from TMS; CDCl.sub.3 solution.                          

                  TABLE V                                                          ______________________________________                                         High Resolution Mass Measurements                                              for LL-F28249γ                                                           m/z             Elemental Composition                                          ______________________________________                                         598.3543        C.sub.35 H.sub.50 O.sub.8                                      580.3422        C.sub.35 H.sub.48 O.sub.7                                      562.3292        C.sub.35 H.sub.46 O.sub.6                                      496.2824        C.sub.30 H.sub.40 O.sub.6                                      484.2440        C.sub.28 H.sub.36 O.sub.7                                      478.2687        C.sub.30 H.sub.38 O.sub.5                                      456.2576        C.sub.27 H.sub.36 O.sub.6                                      438.2772        C.sub.28 H.sub.38 O.sub.4                                      425.2341        C.sub.26 H.sub.33 O.sub.5                                      420.2651        C.sub.28 H.sub.36 O.sub.3                                      354.2199        C.sub.23 H.sub.30 O.sub.3                                      314.1875        C.sub.20 H.sub.26 O.sub.3                                      292.1307        C.sub.16 H.sub.20 O.sub.5                                      288.2075        C.sub.19 H.sub.28 O.sub.2                                      248.1397        C.sub.15 H.sub.20 O.sub.3                                      237.1490        C.sub.14 H.sub.21 O.sub.3                                      219.1382        C.sub.14 H.sub.19 O.sub.2                                      209.1544        C.sub.13 H.sub.21 O.sub.2                                      191.1435        C.sub.13 H.sub.19 O                                            151.0759        C.sub.9 H.sub.11 O.sub.2                                       ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE VI                                                         ______________________________________                                         Carbon-13 NMR Data for LL-F28249ω                                                Chemical Shift.sup.1  Chemical Shift                                   Carbon  (ppm)         Carbon  (ppm)                                            ______________________________________                                         1       220.7         23      42.2.sup.2                                       2       219.6         24      40.4                                             3       165.2         25      38.3                                             4       148.7         26      37.6                                             5       133.1         27      36.1                                             6       132.3         28      34.8                                             7       132.1         29      33.5                                             8       130.2         30      30.1                                             9       122.3         31      26.6                                             10      100.0         32      25.4                                             11      82.9          33      24.5                                             12      75.9          34      23.0                                             13      73.0          35      21.1                                             14      72.7          36      17.9                                             15      72.6          37      14.3                                             16      72.1          38      14.2                                             17      69.0          39      12.1                                             18      67.3          40      11.5                                             19      63.6          41      10.9                                             20      51.4          42      8.7                                              21      46.2          43      8.3                                              22      45.7          44      5.7                                              ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 Downfield from TMS; CDCl.sub.3 solution.                                .sup.2 Two unresolved signals.                                           

                  TABLE VII                                                        ______________________________________                                         High Resolution Mass Measurements                                              for LL-F28249ω                                                           m/z             Elemental Composition                                          ______________________________________                                         462.3350        C.sub.28 H.sub.46 O.sub.5                                      444.3237        C.sub.28 H.sub.44 O.sub.4                                      425.2534        C.sub.23 H.sub.37 O.sub.7                                      407.2439        C.sub.23 H.sub.35 O.sub.6                                      406.3046        C.sub.25 H.sub.42 O.sub.4                                      387.2895        C.sub.25 H.sub.39 O.sub.3                                      337.2010        C.sub.19 H.sub.29 O.sub.5                                      297.2031        C.sub.17 H.sub.29 O.sub.4                                      279.1944        C.sub.17 H.sub.27 O.sub.3                                      261.1851        C.sub.17 H.sub.25 O.sub.2                                      253.1797        C.sub.15 H.sub.25 O.sub.3                                      235.1697        C.sub.15 H.sub.23 O.sub.2                                      224.1754        C.sub.14 H.sub.24 O.sub.2                                      209.1530        C.sub.13 H.sub.21 O.sub.2                                      207.1744        C.sub.14 H.sub.23 O                                            184.1458        C.sub.11 H.sub.20 O.sub.2                                      179.1048        C.sub.11 H.sub.15 O.sub.2                                      173.1205        C.sub.9 H.sub.17 O.sub.3                                       167.1051        C.sub.10 H.sub.15 O.sub.2                                      155.1069        C.sub.9 H.sub.15 O.sub.2                                       ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE VIII                                                       ______________________________________                                         HPLC Retention Volumes for                                                     LL-F28249α, δ, ε, ζ, η, θ and ι        Compound     Retention Volume* (ml)                                            ______________________________________                                         LL-F28249 α                                                                           19.8                                                              LL-F28249 δ                                                                           14.0                                                              LL-F28249 ε                                                                         14.8                                                              LL-F28249 ζ                                                                            16.0                                                              LL-F28249 η                                                                             23.5                                                              LL-F28249 θ                                                                           24.5                                                              LL-F28249 ι                                                                            26.0                                                              ______________________________________                                          *System includes a column 3.9 mm × 30 cm packed with C.sub.18            reverse phase packing developed with methanol:water (80:20) at 1.0             ml/minute, detection was by absorbance at 254 nm.                        

                  TABLE IX                                                         ______________________________________                                         Carbon-13 NMR Data for LL-F28249κ                                        Carbon                                                                               Chemical Shift (ppm)*                                                                          Carbon  Chemical Shift (ppm)                             ______________________________________                                         1     173.9           19      56.7                                             2     140.7           20      48.4                                             3     138.3           21      47.7                                             4     136.6           22      41.1                                             5     136.5           23      40.6                                             6     133.8           14      37.1                                             7     124.7           25      36.3                                             8     124.4           26      36.0                                             9     123.8           27      35.9                                             10    120.1           28      34.6                                             11    118.5           29      22.0                                             12    99.7            30      19.3                                             13    77.2            31      16.0                                             14    76.6**          32      13.8                                             15    76.5            33      13.3                                             16    69.3            34      13.1                                             17    68.6            35      10.7                                             18    67.3                                                                     ______________________________________                                          *Downfield from TMS; CDCl.sub.3 solution.                                      **Coincident with CDCl.sub.3 signals.                                    

                  TABLE X                                                          ______________________________________                                         Carbon-13 NMR Data for LL-F28249λ                                       Carbon                                                                               Chemical Shift (ppm)*                                                                          Carbon  Chemical Shift (ppm)                             ______________________________________                                         1     173.6           19      68.3                                             2     142.5           20      67.9                                             3     139.8           21      57.8                                             4     137.4           22      48.6                                             5     137.2           23      45.8                                             6     136.0           24      41.2                                             7     130.7           25      40.9                                             8     123.6           26      36.1**                                           9     120.3           27      36.0                                             10    119.7           28      34.9                                             11    118.6           29      26.9                                             12    99.8            30      23.0**                                           13    80.5            31      22.4                                             14    77.7            32      20.0                                             15    77.6            33      15.7                                             16    76.7            34      14.0                                             17    69.3            35      11.1                                             18    68.6                                                                     ______________________________________                                          *Downfield from TMS; CDCl.sub.3 solution.                                      **Two unresolved signals.                                                

                  TABLE XI                                                         ______________________________________                                         Carbon-13 NMR Data for LL-F28249ν                                           Carbon                                                                               Chemical Shift (ppm)*                                                                          Carbon  Chemical Shift (ppm)                             ______________________________________                                         1     167.4           18      69.4                                             2     150.5           19      68.7                                             3     142.9           20      68.3                                             4     142.0           21      48.4                                             5     137.2**         22      41.0**                                           6     132.1           23      35.9                                             7     130.7           24      35.6                                             8     125.8           25      35.5                                             9     125.5           26      34.4                                             10    124.2           27      29.7                                             11    123.7           28      26.8                                             12    123.2           29      22.9                                             13    121.3           30      22.8                                             14    118.0           31      22.1                                             15    100.0           32      15.3                                             16    76.7            33      13.9                                             17    74.6            34      11.0                                             ______________________________________                                          *Downfield from TMS; CDCl.sub.3 solution.                                      **Two unresolved signals.                                                

                  TABLE XII                                                        ______________________________________                                         Chromatographic Data                                                                       TLC*      HPLC**                                                   Component   Relative Rf                                                                              Retention Time(minutes)                                  ______________________________________                                         α     1.00      13.8                                                     β      .797      9.3                                                      γ     1.42      12.6                                                     δ     .758      10.4                                                     ε   1.06      10.9                                                     ζ      1.12      11.5                                                     η       1.03      16.2                                                     θ     1.27      17.3                                                     ι      1.27      18.2                                                     κ     1.83      24.7                                                     λ    1.56      19.1                                                     μ        1.92      38.0                                                     ν        1.95      42.3                                                     ω     .212      7.1                                                      ______________________________________                                          *Analtech Silica Gel GHLF250μ developed with ethyl acetate:methylene        chloride (1:3), detection by charring with H.sub.2 SO.sub.4.                   *Altex Ultrasphere ODS 5μ 4.6 mm × 25 cm developed with 85%           methanol in water at 1.0 ml/minute, detection by absorbance at 254 nm.   

The new agents designated LL-F28249α, β, γ, δ ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν and ω are formed during the cultivation, under controlled conditions of Streptogriseus noncyanogenus, NRRL 15773.

This organism is maintained in the culture collection of the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York as culture number LL-F28249. A viable culture of this new microorganism has been deposited with the Patent Culture Collection Laboratory, Northern Regional Research Center, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, and has been added to its permanent collection. It is freely available to the public in this depository under its accession number NRRL 15773.

For the production of these new agents the present invention is not limited to this particular organism. In fact, it is desired and intended to include the use of naturally-occurring mutants of this organism, as well as induced mutants produced from this organism by various mutagenic means known to those skilled in the art, such as exposure to nitrogen mustard, X-ray radiation, ultraviolet radiation, N'-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, actinophages and the like. It is also desired and intended to include inter- and intraspecific genetic recombinants produced by genetic techniques known to those skilled in the art such as for example, conjugation, transduction and genetic engineering techniques.

GENERAL FERMENTATION CONDITIONS

Cultivation of Streptomyces cyaneogriseus non-cyaneogenus, NRRL 15773 may be carried out in a wide variety of liquid culture media. Media which are useful for the production of agents LL-F28249α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η, 74 , ι, κ, γ, μ, ν and ω include an assimilable source of carbon, such as dextrin, sucrose, molasses, glycerol, etc.; an assimilable source of nitrogen such as protein, protein hydrolysate, polypeptides, amino acids, corn steep liquor, etc.; and inorganic anions and cations, such as potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium, sulfate, carbonate, phosphate, chloride, etc. Trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, copper, etc., are supplied as impurities of other constituents of the media. Aeration in tanks and bottles is supplied by forcing sterile air through or onto the surface of the fermenting medium. Further agitation in tanks is provided by a mechanical impeller. An antifoam agent such as silicone oil may be added as needed.

EXAMPLE 1 Inoculum Preparation

A typical medium used to grow the various stages of inoculum was prepared according to the following formula:

    ______________________________________                                         Dextrose          1.0%                                                         Dextrin           2.0%                                                         Yeast extract     0.5%                                                         NZ amine          0.5%                                                         Calcium carbonate 0.1%                                                         Water  qs         100%                                                         ______________________________________                                    

This medium was sterilized. A 100 ml portion of this sterile medium, in a flask, was inoculated with mycelial scrapings from an agar slant of Streptomyces cyaneogriseus noncyanogenus NRRL 15773.The medium was then agitated vigorously on a rotary shaker for 48-72 hours at 28° C. providing primary inoculum. This primary inoculum was then used to inoculate one liter of the above sterile medium, which was then grown aerobically at 28° C. for 48 hours providing secondary inoculum.

EXAMPLE 2 Fermentation

A fermentation medium of the following formulation was prepared.

    ______________________________________                                         Dextrin           1.0%                                                         Soya peptone      1.0%                                                         Molasses          2.0%                                                         Calcium carbonate 0.1%                                                         Water  qs         100%                                                         ______________________________________                                    

This medium was sterilized and then a 30 liter portion was inoculated with one liter of secondary inoculum prepared as described in Example 1. The fermentation was conducted at 30° C., with a sterile air flow of 30 liters per minute, backpressure of 8 psig and agitation by an impeller operated at 500 rpm for 91 hours at which time the mash was harvested.

EXAMPLE 3

Isolation of LL-F28249α, β and γ

A total of 26 liters of whole harvest mash, prepared as described in Example 2 was mixed with 1500 g of diatomaceous earth and filtered. The mycelial cake was washed with 5 liters of water and the filtrate and wash discarded. The mycelial cake was mixed with 10 liters of methanol for one hour, then filtered and washed with 5 liters of methanol. The methanol extract and methanol wash were combined and evaporated to an aqueous residue of about 1-2 liters. This aqueous residue was mixed with twice its volume of methylene chloride and mixed for 1/2 hour. The methylene chloride phase was separated and then concentrated to a syrup giving 27 g of crude material.

This 27 g of crude material was dissolved in a mixture of methylene chloride and methanol, filtered through cotton and anhydrous sodium sulfate and then evaporated, giving 7.0 g of an oil.

A 170 g portion of silica gel was slurried in 12.5% ethyl acetate in methylene chloride and poured to form a column 2.5×58 cm. The oil was dissolved in 12.5% ethyl acetate in methylene chloride and applied to the column. The column was developed with the same solvent mixture. The mobile phase was run at 1.3 ml/minute initially and 15 minute fractions were collected. The flow rate slowed to about 0.5 ml/minute after 10 fractions, so fractions 1-10 were 20 ml decreasing to about 10 ml uniformly and fractions 11-98 were about 7 ml. At fraction 99 the flow rate was increased to give 25 ml fractions in 10 minutes. A total of 105 fractions were collected. These fractions were tested by thin layer chromatography in ethyl acetate:methylene chloride (1:1).

Fractions 30-54 were combined and evaporated giving 1.08 g of an oil containing LL-F28249γ.

Fractions 55-62 were combined and evaporated giving 150 mg of solid containing LL-F28249αand β.

The 150 mg of solid containing LL-F28249 α and β was chromatographed by preparative HPLC using a reverse-phase column (Whatman C8, 2.2×50 cm) developed with 80% (v/v) methanol in water. The flow rate was about 10 ml/-minute and 2 minute fractions were collected.

Fractions 58-69 were combined, the methanol was evaporated, t-butanol was added and the mixture was lyophilized, giving 60 mg of pure LL-F2824α.

Fractions 40-43 were combined, the methanol was evaporated and the residual aqueous suspension was extracted with methylene chloride which, upon evaporation, gave 10 mg of pure LL-F28249β.

The 1.08 g of oil containing LL-F28249γ was dissolved in 10% ethyl acetate in methylene chloride and applied to a column (2.5×5.0 cm) packed with silica gel. The column was developed with 10% ethyl acetate in methylene chloride, eluting at a flow rate of 2 ml/minute and collecting 12 minute fractions. Fractions 19-29 were combined and evaporated to a residue. This residue was purified by preparative reverse-phase chromatography as described for the α and β components. Fractions 55-62 were combined, the methanol was evaporated in vacuo, t-butanol was added and the mixture was lyophilized giving 60 mg of pure LL-F28249γ.

EXAMPLE 4 Large Scale Fermentation

An inoculum of Streptomyces cyaneogriseus non-cyanogenus, NRRL 15773 was prepared as described in Example 1, using 100 ml of primary inoculum to produce 10 liters of secondary inoculum.

Two 300 liter fermentations were conducted as described in Example 2 using 10 liters of the above secondary inoculum for each 300 liters of fermentation medium. At the end of 118 hours the mashes were harvested.

EXAMPLE 5 Isolation of LL-F28249ω

A total of 450 liters of harvest mash from the two 300 liter fermentations described in Example 4 was treated as described in the first portion of Example 3 giving crude material as a syrup.

This syrupy residue was washed with hexane to remove non-polar materials and the remaining 9 g of insoluble material was subjected to Sephadex LH-20 partition chromatography.

The chromatographic column was prepared with 9 liters of Sephadex LH-20, previously swelled in methanol, to form a column 10×10 cm. The column was equilibrated by passing about 4800 ml of mobile phase [methylene chloride:hexane:methanol (10:10:1)] through it at a flow rate of 5 ml/minute. The 9 g of insoluble material was charged onto the column in 50 ml of the mobile phase. An initial forerun of 2150 ml was obtained at a flow rate of 5 ml/minute. The flow rate was then increased to 8 ml/minute and fractions were collected every 45 minutes. Fractions 9-12 were combined and the solvents evaporated in vacuo giving 4.9 g of residue.

This residue was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate and allowed to evaporate slowly at room temperature. The addition of n-hexane gave a precipitate which was collected, giving 3.1 g of solid.

A 3.0 g portion of this solid was further purified by precipitation from 25 ml of methylene Chloride using 50 ml of n-hexane.

The precipitate thus obtained was redissolved in 15 ml of methylene chloride and precipitated with 25 ml of n-hexane, giving 510 mg of pure LL-F28249ω.

EXAMPLE 6 Isolation of LL-F28249δ, ε, ζ, η, θ and ι

Fractions 4-7 from the Sephadex LH-20 column described in Example 5 were combined and the solvents evaporated in vacuo to give 1.9 g of residue.

This residue was chromatographed on a 200 g silica gel column (2.5cm×83cm) using 10% ethyl acetate in methylene chloride as the eluant. The flow rate was approximately 2 ml/minute and fractions were collected every 12 minutes.

Fractions 65-67 and 73-79 were combined together and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo to yield 250 mg of residue.

This 250 mg of residue was subjected to preparative reverse-phase chromatography as described in Example 3 except using 75% methanol in water as the mobile phase. The flow rate was about 10 ml/minute. The first 2000 ml portion of eluate was diverted to waste then 72 fractions were collected at 2.0 minute intervals. After diverting another portion of eluate to waste (between 300,-400 ml) fractions were collected again but at 2.5 minute intervals.

Fractions were combined as indicated below. The combined fractions were allowed to evaporate in a fume hood overnight, then the components were extracted into methylene chloride. Following evaporation of the solvent about 1 mg each of the pure components were obtained.

    ______________________________________                                         Fractions Combined   Compound                                                  ______________________________________                                          7-10                LL-F28249δ                                          19-22                LL-F28249ε                                        28-31                LL-F28249ζ                                           81-83                LL-F28249η                                            86-88                LL-F28249θ                                          93-95                LL-F28249ι                                           ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 7 Isolation of LL-F28249κ, λ, μ and ν

A total of 390 liters of fermentation mash, harvested from fermentations conducted as described in Example 2, was processed essentially as described in the first paragraph of Example 3, giving 120 ml of methylene chloride concentrate. This concentrate was diluted with 200 ml of hexane and chilled overnight at 40° C. The resulting precipitate was removed by filtration and discarded. The filtrate was diluted with 300 ml of hexane. The resulting precipitate (A) was collected by filtration and saved. This filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the oily residue was then dissolved in 200 ml of methylene chloride and diluted with 1700 ml of hexane. The resulting precipitate (B) was collected by filtration and saved. This filtrate was concentrated to an oily residue which was then redissolved in 50 ml of methylene chloride, 950 ml of methanol was added and this solution was stored at 40° C. for 3 days. The resulting precipitate was removed by filtration and discarded. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the residue (C) combined with (A) and (B) and subjected to chromatography as follows: The 5.0×109 cm column was slurry-packed with Woelm TSC silica gel in ethyl acetate:methylene chloride (1:9). The column was developed with the same solvent mixture at a rate of 25 ml/minute. The first 2 liters of effluent were discarded, then sixteen 400 ml fractions were collected.

Fractions 2 and 3 were combined and evaporated giving 3.9 g of oily material (D).

Fractions 4 through 7 were combined and evaporated giving 9.5 g of oily material which was dissolved in hexane and chromatographed on a 2.5×110 cm column slurry-packed with 300 g of Woelm silica gel in ethyl acetate:hexane (1:4). The column was developed with the same solvent system at a rate of 4 ml/minute, collecting fractions at 7 minute intervals.

Fractions 45-54 were combined and evaporated, giving 0.3 g of material (E).

Fractions 63-135 were combined, evaporated to dryness, then redissolved in t-butanol and lyophilized giving 4.6 g of off-white solid (F).

LL-F28249 κ and μ

Material (D) and (E) were combined and chromatographed on a 2.5×110 cm column packed with 300 g of Woelm silica gel, developing with ethyl acetate:hexane (1:9). The flow rate was maintained at 4 ml/minute and fractions were collected at 7 minute intervals.

Fractions 67-115 were combined and evaporated to dryness, giving 920 mg of residue (G).

This residue (G) was chromatographed by preparative HPLC using a reverse phase column (Whatman C8, 2.2×50 cm) and developing with 85% (v/v) methanol in water. The flow rate was about 10 ml/minute and fractions were collected at 2.5 minute intervals.

Fractions 33-40 were combined, concentrated to remove the methanol, then extracted with methylene chloride. The residue obtained upon evaporation was dissolved in t-butanol and then lyophilized, giving 60 mg of LLF28249κ.

Fractions 52-58 were similarly processed giving a small quantity of LL-F28249μ.

LL-F28249λ

A one gram portion of material (F) was chromatographed by reverse phase HPLC, as described above, except that 80% (v/v)methanol in water was used as eluent.

Fractions 61-75 were combined and processed as above, giving 100 mg of LL-F28249λ.

LL-F28249ν

A 396 g portion of material essentially the same as material (D) above, was dissolved in 500 ml of methanol and then chilled at 40 for several hours. The resulting precipitate was removed by filtration, washed with cold methanol and discarded. The combined filtrate and wash was evaporated. The residual oil was dissolved in hexane and charged on a 5×50 cm dry-packed silica gel column (Mallinkrodt SilicAR cc-7). The column was eluted with ethyl acetate:hexane (1.5:8.5) at a rate of about 50 ml/minute.

    ______________________________________                                         Four fractions were collected.                                                 Fraction     Volume(liters)                                                    ______________________________________                                         1            1                                                                 2            4                                                                 3            1                                                                 4            2                                                                 ______________________________________                                    

Fraction 3 was evaporated, giving 5.0 g of residue which was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (Waters C₁₈, 5×60 cm). The column was initially developed with 16 liters of 80% methanol in water (v/v) at 100 ml-minute, then with 6.4 liters of 84% methanol in water (v/v). The first liter of effluent was discarded and then fractions of 400 ml were collected.

Fractions 44-47 were combined and processed as described above, giving 390 mg of LLF28249ν as a pale yellow solid.

EXAMPLE 8 Anti-nematodal activity of LL-F28249, NRRL 15773

This in vitro assay is designed to utilize the free living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to detect the anti-nematodal activity of fermentation broths against microorganisms from the soil. The assay procedure consists of micropipetting 50 μl of each broth into one of 96 wells of a microculture plate and adding 10 μl of a three to four day-old culture of C. elegans (in all stages of development) suspended in C. briggsae Maintance Medium. The effects of the fermentation broths are observed and recorded at 48 hours after the initial mixing of broth and nematodes.

LL-F28249, NRRL 15773, broth killed all the adults and markedly reduced the survival and mobility of various larval stages in both the initial and in a replicate assay.

EXAMPLE 9 In vivo anthelmintic activity of LL-F28249, NRRL 15773

This in vivo system is designed to detect potential anthelmintic activity of all fermentation products found to have anti-nematodal action against C. elegans. Samples of LL-F28249, NRRL 15773 are mixed into feed, at concentrations of from 0.0031% to 2.0% (31 ppm to 20,000 ppm). Medicated diet containing the varying concentrations of LL-F28249, NRRL 15773 is given to gerbils infected with 400 third-stage larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The medicated feed is fed ad libitum, starting when the infection is seven days old, for three and one-half to four days, at which time the gerbils are necropsied. The intestines are removed and placed in water in an incubator at 450° C. for two hours to allow the parasites to migrate from the tissue. The efficacy of each treatment is determined by counting the number of T. colubriformis recovered compared to an untreated control. The results of these experiments, summarized in Table XIII below, demonstrate the anthelmintic activity of LL-F28249 as administered in feed, and when administered as a single oral drench, and by subcutaneous injection.

                                      TABLE XIII                                   __________________________________________________________________________     Anthelmintic activity of active ingredients from LL-F28249, NRRL 15773         culture                                                                        against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in the gerbil                           F28249                                                                         __________________________________________________________________________                     With medicated diet, Ad libitum                                Whole mash (lyophilized)                                                                ##STR4##                                                                               ##STR5##                                                                            ##STR6##                                                                            ##STR7##                                                                            ##STR8##                                       α                                                                                 ##STR9##                                                                               ##STR10##                                                                           ##STR11##                                                                           ##STR12##                                                                           ##STR13##                                                      With single oral drench                                        Whole Mash (lyophilized)                                                                ##STR14##                                                                              ##STR15##                                                                           ##STR16##                                                                           ##STR17##                                                                           ##STR18##                                      α                                                                                 ##STR19##                                                                              ##STR20##                                                                           ##STR21##                                                                           ##STR22##                                                                           ##STR23##                                                                          ##STR24##                                  γ         --   --                                                                                   ##STR25##                                                                           ##STR26##                                                                          ##STR27##                                  ω         --   --                                                                                   ##STR28##                                                                          --  --                                                          With subcutaneous injection                                    Whole Mash (lyophilized)                                                                ##STR29##                                                                              ##STR30##                                                                           ##STR31##                                                                           ##STR32##                                                                           ##STR33##                                      α                                                                                 ##STR34##                                                                              ##STR35##                                                                           ##STR36##                                                                           ##STR37##                                           __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 10 The anthelmintic activity of L-F28249α against parasitic nematodes in sheep

This experiment is designed to evaluate the activity of LL-F28249α against the economically important parasites of sheep. The sheep are experimentally inoculated with infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus coluriformis, to build up infections against which LL-F28249α will be challenged. Twenty-one days after inoculation, infection levels are determined by standard stoll count nematode counting procedures to determine the number of eggs of each species per gram of feces. The sheep are assigned randomly across three replicates of treatment and control groups based upon nematode egg counts. Twenty-two days after infection the sheep are treated with LL-F28249α using the doses and routes of administration shown in Table XIV below. Seven and eight days after treatment, the sheep are sacrificed and the worms are recovered using standard anthelmintic evaluation procedures. The efficacy of each treatment against each species is determined by comparing the number of worms at the respective dosage rate against the number of worms recovered in the three untreated control animals. The results of these evaluations, summarized in Table XIV below, demonstrate the high degree of effectiveness of LL-F28249α as an anthelmintic agent.

                  TABLE XIV                                                        ______________________________________                                         Anthelmintic efficacy of F28249α                                         against Haemonchus, Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus in sheep                              Efficacy (%) against                                                Dose  Route of                      T.                                         mg/kg administration                                                                            Haemonchus Ostertagia                                                                             colubriformis                              ______________________________________                                         1.0   oral       100.0      100.0   99.9                                       0.2   oral       100.0      100.0   99.9                                       0.1   oral       100.0       95.4   99.9                                       1.0   IM         100.0      100.0   100.0                                      0.2   IM         100.0      100.0   100.0                                                 Mean number of worms recovered                                                 (range)                                                             0.0   --         2683.0     881.0   16200.0                                    ______________________________________                                          IM = Intermuscular                                                       

EXAMPLE 11 Efficacy of antibiotic LL-F28249α against the parasitic insect, Melophagus ovinus, (the sheep ked) on sheep

This experiment is conducted concurrently on the same sheep used for the determination of anthelmintic activity as reported in Example 10. During the handling of the sheep prior to treatment, said sheep are observed for harbouring of natural infestations of M. ovinus. One half of each sheep is inspected for the indications of anti-ectoparasitic activity at necropsy, seven days after treatment.

The left side of each sheep is slowly sheared with electric clippers and inspected for living and dead sheep keds. The degree of infestation is approximated by the numbers of pupae found in the wool during the inspection and are rated 0 through+++, indicating no pupae to many pupae. The number of keds are recorded for each sheep, without knowledge of the treatment levels to eliminate bias. Initially, the keds were scored as alive or dead, but as experience was gained, some keds were scored as moribund because of abnormally-slow behavior.

Although there is a wide variation in the number of keds found on the sheep, the data summarized in Table XV below demonstrate that LL-F282490α is effective against M. ovinus and that said agent possesses systemic ectoparasiticide activity. In treated animals the numbers of live keds is effectively reduced and the number of dead keds increased in the intramuscularly-treated sheep.

                  TABLE XV                                                         ______________________________________                                         Efficacy of agent F28249α against Melophagus ovinus on sheep             Dose    Route of     Mean number of keds.sup.a                                 mg/kg   administration                                                                              Alive    Dead    %                                        ______________________________________                                         1.0     Intramuscular                                                                               1.67     1.67    78.22                                    0.2     Intramuscular                                                                               1.0      4.33    86.96                                    1.0     Oral         7.67     0.0     0.0                                      0.2     Oral         2.67     3.0     65.0                                     0.1     Oral         22.0     1.67    0.0                                      Control None         7.67     .67     --                                       ______________________________________                                          .sup.a Three sheep per dose                                                    ##STR38##                                                                

EXAMPLE 12 Insecticidal activity of the compounds of the invention

The insecticidal activity of the compounds of the present invention against a variety of insects at various concentrations of active ingredient in acetone-water solutions is determined by the following insecticidal test examples. The results of these tests are summarized in Table XVI.

A) Heliothis virescens, egg, tobacco budworm. A young cotton leaf about 7-8 cm long is dipped and agitated in a test suspension for three seconds. Eggs are collected on cheesecloth that is cut into 10-20 mm squares containing about 50-100 eggs (6-30 hours old). A square of cheesecloth with eggs also is dipped in the test suspension and placed on the treated leaf. The combination is placed in the hood to dry. Following this, the combination is placed in an 8 ounce Dixie cup #2168-ST (240 mL, 6 cm tall, top diameter 9.5 cm, bottom diameter 8 cm) containing a 5 cm length of damp dental wick. A clear plastic lid is put on the top of the cup, and the treatments held for three (3) days before mortality counts are made.

B) Aphis fabae, mixed instars, bean aphids. Pots containing single masturtium plant (Tropaeolum Sp), about 5 cm tall, are infested with about 100 aphids one day before the test. In a hood, each plant is sprayed with the test suspension for 2 revolutions of a 4 rpm turntable using a #154 DeVilluss atomizer. The pots are set on their side on white enamel trays and held for two (2) days. After that time, mortality estimates of the aphids are made.

C) Empoasca abrupta, adult, western potato leafhopper.

A Sieva lima bean leaf about 5 cm long is dipped and agitated in the test suspension for three (3) seconds and then placed in a hood to dry. The leaf is placed in a 100×10 mm petri dish containing a moist filter paper on the bottom of the dish. Ten, adult leafhoppers are added to each dish, and the treatments are kept for three (3) days after which time mortality counts are made.

D) Trichoplusia ni, Third-enstar larvae, cabbage looper.

The leaves of a Sieva lima bean plant expanded to 7-8 cm in length are dipped and agitated in a test suspension for three (3) seconds and then placed in a hood to dry. A leaf is then excised and placed in a 100×10 mm petri dish containing a damp filter paper on the bottom and ten third-enstar larvae are placed therein. The dish is maintained for three (3) days before observations are made of mortality and reduced feeding.

E) Spodoptera eridanis, third-enstar larvae, southern armyworm.

The leaves of a Sieva lima bean plant expanded to 7-8 cm in length are dipped and agitated in the test suspension for three (3) seconds and placed in a hood to dry. A leaf is then excised and placed in a 100×10 mm petri dish containing a damp filter paper on the bottom and ten (10) third-enstar larvae are added. The dish is maintained for five (5) days before observations are made of mortality, reduced feeding or any interference with normal moulting.

F) Heliothis virescens, third-enstar larvae, tobacco budworm.

Cotton cotyledons are dipped in the test suspension and placed in a hood to dry. The cotyledon is cut into 4 sections, and each section is placed in a 30 ml plastic medicine cup containing a 5-7 mm piece of moist dental wick. One third-enstar larvae are added to each cup and a cardboard lid placed on the cup. Treatments are maintained for three (3) days before mortality counts and estimates of reduction in feeding are made.

G) Musca domestica, house fly.

The desired concentration of the test compound is added to the standard CSMA alfalfa-bran larval medium. House flies' eggs, 0-4 hours of age, are added to the treated medium. The treated medium is maintained and observations on egg hatch, larval growth and adult emergence are made.

H) Tribolium confusum, confused flour beetle. Confused flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) are obtained from laboratory colonies reared on a whole wheat and white flour mixture. For this test, white flour is treated with an acetone solution of the test material using 1 ml of solution per 5 grams of flour in a 30 ml wide-mouth jar. The acetone is evaporated off in a hood overnight. The contents are stirred with a spatula to break up lumps formed by the test solution. The jar is then placed on a VORTES-GENIE® vibrating mixer to thoroughly mix the test materials throughout the diet. Ten adult confused flour beetles are placed in each jar and the jar loosely capped. After five (5) days to allow oviposition, the beetles are removed and notations made of any mortality. At two (2) and four (4) weeks after initial infestation, observations are made of the number and size of trails produced by the developing larvae throughout the treated flour. Such observations give an indication of delayed growth, kill of eggs or larvae or any other interference in the normal growth pattern. After about nine (9) weeks at 27° C., the adult beetles emerge and the final observations are made by passing the contents of each jar through a 50-mesh screen sieve. These observations include the number of adults, pupae and larvae, as well as examination of the debris which did not pass through the screen in order to determine if there are any dead eggs or neonates.

I) Tetranychus urticae (P-resistant strain), 2-spotted spider mite.

Sieva lima bean plants with primary leaves expanded to 7-8 cm are selected and cut back to one plant per pot. A small piece is cut from a leaf taken from the main colony and placed on each leaf of the test plants. This is done about two (2) hours before treatment to allow the mites to move over to the test plant and to lay eggs. The size of the cut piece is varied to obtain about 100 mites per leaf. At the time of the treatment, the piece of leaf used to transfer the mites is removed and discarded. The mite-infested plants are dipped and agitated in the test formulation for three (3) seconds and set in the hood to dry. Plants are kept for two (2) days before estimates of adult kill are made by using the first leaf. The second leaf is kept on the plant for another five (5) days before observations are made of the kill of eggs and/or newly emerged nymphs.

J) Southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania), third-enstar, cut-stem systemid test.

The compound is formulated as an emulsion containing 0.1 gm of the test material, 0. 1 gm of a polyethoxylated vegetable oil in 0.4 g water, 10 mL of acetone and 90 mL of water. This is diluted ten-fold with water to give the 100 ppm emulsion for the test. Sieva lima bean plants with just the primary leaves expanded are used in this test. These leaves are cut off at least 2.5 cm above the soil level to avoid contamination with soil bacteria which may cause decay of the stem during the test. The cut stems are placed in the test emulsion. After three (3) days of uptake, a leaf is excised and placed in a 100×10 mm petri dish containing a moist filter paper on the bottom and ten third-enstar larvae. Mortality counts and estimates of reduced feeding are made after three (3) days.

K) Thrips palmi, thrips.

Heavily infested leaves of cotton seedings are sprayed under field conditions at the desired concentrations. The number of thrips are counted before and after spraying. Percent control is based on these counts.

L) Tetranychus urticae (P-resistant strain), two spotted spider mite.

The compound is formulated as an emulsion containing 0.1 gm of the test material, 0.1 gm of a polyethoxylated vegetable oil in 0.4 g water, 10 mL of acetone and 90 mL of water. This is diluted ten-fold with water to give the 100 ppm emulsion for the test. Sieva lima bean plants with just the primary leaves expanded are used in this test. They are cut off at least 2.5 cm above the soil level to avoid contamination with soil bacteria which may cause decay of the stem during the test. The cut stems are placed in the test emulsions. Each leaf is infested with approximately 100 adult mites and maintained for three (3) days at which time mortality counts are made.

                                      TABLE XVI                                    __________________________________________________________________________     Insecticidal and Miticidal Activity of F-28,249α and                     F-28,249γ                                                                          Percent Mortality                                                                                                           Plant                                                         Confused         Systemic                                                      flour            Activity                               South-   Tobacco  Western                                                                             beetle           South-                        Concn.   ern Tobacco                                                                             bud-     potato                                                                              larvae                                                                              House       ern                           in  Cabbage                                                                             army-                                                                              bud- worms                                                                               Bean                                                                               leaf and/or                                                                              fly         army-                   Compound                                                                             ppm loopers                                                                             worms                                                                              worms                                                                               eggs aphid                                                                              hoppers                                                                             pupae                                                                               larvae                                                                             Thrips                                                                             Mites                                                                              Worms                                                                              Mites               __________________________________________________________________________     F-28,249α                                                                      1000                                                                               100  100 100  --   --   55* 100  100 93  --  --  --                  F-28,249α                                                                      300 100* --  100  100  --  50   --   100 89  100 --  --                  F-28,249α                                                                      100 --    60*                                                                                100*                                                                               100  100 --    97  --  --  100 60  100                 F-28,249γ                                                                      1000                                                                               --   40   50* 100  100 20   --   --  --  100 --  --                  F-28,249γ                                                                      100 --    0   0    0   100  0   --   --  --   90 --  --                  __________________________________________________________________________      *Feeding deterent (antifeeding properties)                                

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for the prevention, treatment or control of insecticidal infections in warm-blooded animals, said method comprising: orally, parenterally or topically administering to an animal an insecticaidally-effective amount of the fermentation broth or whole mash of microrganism Streptomyces cyaneogriseus noncyanogenus, having deposit accession number NRRL 15773, or a mutant thereof, containing agents designated LL-F28249α, LL-F28249β, LL-F28249γ, LL-F28249δ, LL-F28249ε, LL-F28249ζ, LL-F28249η, LL-F28249θ, LL-F28249ι, LL-F28249κ, LL-F28249λ, LL-F28249μ, LL-F28249ν, and LL-F28249ω; or the pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof, wherein said agents have characteristic spectra as shown in FIGS. I-LVII of the attached drawings.
 2. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249α, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 612 (FAB-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₆ H₅₂ O₈ ; (c) has a specific optical rotation [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+133±3° (C, 0.3, acetone); (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. I of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum (KBr disc) as shown in FIG. II of the attached drawings; (f) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. III of the attached drawings; (g) has a characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. IV of the attached drawings; and (h) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. V of the attached drawings.
 3. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249β, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 584 (FAB-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₄ H₄₈ O₈ ; (c) has a specific optical rotation [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+125±3° (C, 0.3, acetone); (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. VI of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum (KBr disc) as shown in FIG. VII of the attached drawings; (f) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. VIII of the attached drawings; (g) has a characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XXXVIII of the attached drawings; and (h) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. IX of the attached drawings.
 4. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249γ, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 598 (FAB-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₅ H₅₀ O₈ ; (c) has a specific optical rotation [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+150±4° (C, 0.3, acetone); (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. X of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum (KBr disc) as shown in FIG. XI of the attached drawings; (f) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XII of the attached drawings; (g) has a characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XIII of the attached drawings; and (h) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XIV of the attached drawings.
 5. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249δ, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 616 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₅ H₅₂ O₉ ; (c) has an HPLC retention volume of 14.0 ml; (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XX of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic proton magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XXI of the attached drawings; and (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XXII of the attached drawings.
 6. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249ε, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 598 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₅ H₅₀ O₈ ; (c) has an HPLC retention volume of 14.8 ml; (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XXIII of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic proton magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XXIV of the attached drawings; and (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XXV of the attached drawings.
 7. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249ζ, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 598 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₅ H₅₀ O₈ ; (c) has an HPLC retention volume of 16.0 ml; (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XXVI of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic proton magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XXVII of the attached drawings; and (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XXVIII of the attached drawings.
 8. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249η, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 612 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₆ H₅₂ O₈ ; (c) has an HPLC retention volume of 23.5 ml; (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XXIX of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic proton magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XXX of the attached drawings; and (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XXXI of the attached drawings.
 9. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249θ, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 626 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₇ H₅₄ O₈ ; (c) has an HPLC retention volume of 24.5 ml; (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XXXII of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XXXIII of the attached drawings; and (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XXXIV of the attached drawings.
 10. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249ι, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 626 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₇ H₅₄ O₈ ; (c) has an HPLC retention volume of 26.0 ml; (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XXXV of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XXXVI of the attached drawings; and (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XXXVII of the attached drawings.
 11. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249κ, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 584 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₅ H₅₂ O₇ ; (c) has a specific optical rotation [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+189° (C, 0.165, acetone); (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XXXIX of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum as (KBr disc) as shown in FIG. XL of the attached drawings; (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XLI of the attached drawings; (g) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XLII of the attached drawings; and (h) has a characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XLIII of the attached drawings.
 12. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249λ, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 626 (FAB-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₇ H₅₄ O₈ ; (c) has a specific optical rotation [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+145° (C, 0.23, acetone); (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XLIV of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum (KBr disc) as shown in FIG. XLV of the attached drawings; (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XLVI of the attached drawings; (g) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XLVII of the attached drawings; and (h) has a characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XLVIII of the attached drawings.
 13. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249μ, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 612 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₇ H₅₆ O₇ ; (c) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XLIX of the attached drawings; (d) has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum (KBr disc) as shown in FIG. L of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. LI of the attached drawings; and (f) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CLCl₃) as shown in FIG. LII of the attached drawings.
 14. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249ν, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 592 (EI-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₃₆ H₄₈ O₇ ; (c) has a specific optical rotation [α]_(D) ²⁶ =+131° (C, 0.325, acetone); (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. LIII of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum (KBr disc) as shown in FIG. LIV of the attached drawings; (f) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. LV of the attached drawings; (g) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. LVI of the attached drawings; and (h) has a characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. LVII of the attached drawings.
 15. The method according to claim 1, said method comprising: administering an effective amount of the agent designated LL-F28249ω, wherein the substantially pure form:(a) has a molecular weight of 806 (FAB-MS); (b) has a molecular formula C₄₅ H₇₄ O₁₂ ; (c) has a specific optical rotation [α]_(D) ²⁶ =-49±3° (C, 0.35, methanol); (d) has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum (methanol) as shown in FIG. XV of the attached drawings; (e) has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum (KBr disc) as shown in FIG. XVI of the attached drawings; (f) has a characteristic proton nuclear magnetic resonsance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XVII of the attached drawings; and (g) has a characteristic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (CDCl₃) as shown in FIG. XVIII of the attached drawings; and (h) has a characteristic electron impact mass spectrum as shown in FIG. XIX of the attached drawings. 